The term ‘energy transition’ is a hot topic at global climate summits, in the news, and during policy discussions. It typically suggests a shift towards renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Yet, this definition often misses broader challenges, particularly in regions outside the developed areas of Europe and the United States, where many still rely on basic energy sources like firewood.

In developed countries, the narrative focuses on adopting clean, renewable energy technologies, with a push for global adoption. This progressive stance can overshadow the unique challenges of countries not as advanced on this path. For example, Mexico still struggles with transitioning away from harmful energy sources like coal and fuel oil. These polluting sources have significant environmental and health impacts. Notably, between 13.5 and 20 million Mexicans use firewood for cooking, making it more prevalent than natural gas. Globally, over 2 billion people use biomass for cooking—double the population of developed countries in Europe and the U.S.

This disparity in energy transition stages highlights that there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Voltaire aptly said, “Perfection is the enemy of good.” In terms of energy transition, this means that while the ultimate goal may be a complete shift to renewable sources, intermediate steps are both inevitable and necessary. Overemphasis on clean fuels alone can reduce investments in more accessible, albeit less clean, fuels. This could lead to setbacks, like an increased reliance on firewood by those unable to afford alternatives like LPG or natural gas.

Transitioning from firewood to LPG, or from coal and fuel oil to natural gas, are not perfect solutions, but they represent significant steps in reducing environmental impact and improving public health. Waiting for a 100% clean and non-hydrocarbon based energy solution shift forces millions, especially the disadvantaged, to continue enduring precarious energy sources. Furthermore, reliance on firewood disproportionately affects women, who often bear the responsibility of cooking and are exposed to harmful smoke. In some countries, collecting firewood also falls to young girls, preventing them from engaging in productive activities like attending school. This exposure can lead to respiratory diseases in vulnerable groups like older adults and children. India’s embrace of LPG has proven successful in addressing these challenges, showcasing the benefits of a flexible approach to energy transition.

The path to a sustainable energy future involves dismantling an established global system, a process that is inherently disruptive and requires both social and infrastructural changes. While renewable technologies hold promise, they still need to prove their reliability, affordability, and scalability to meet global energy demands.

It would be misleading to consider any single technology, such as hydrogen or electrification, as the ultimate solution. Each region has its unique circumstances—geographic, economic, and social—that shape its energy needs and solutions. A diversified, “buckshot” approach, tailoring a variety of technologies and strategies to specific regional needs, is crucial for advancing towards a sustainable future.

The journey towards energy transition is as varied as the landscapes and challenges of the world itself. While the goal of a sustainable and cleaner energy future is universal, the pathways to achieve it are as diverse as the regions they traverse, highlighting the importance of adaptable strategies. For millions around the globe, a transition without LPG is unimaginable.

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